SEMAX

Semax has been used clinically in Russia for acute stroke therapy and cognitive disorders, with preclinical evidence demonstrating neuroprotective, nootropic, and anxiolytic effects. Studies show it activates neurotrophin transcription after cerebral ischemia, modulates striatal serotonin and dopamine systems, and prevents Aβ:Cu2+ aggregation in Alzheimer's disease models. Recent work identified μ-opioid receptor targeting and USP18 regulation in spinal cord injury recovery. However, robust clinical trials outside Russia are lacking, and most evidence comes from animal models and in vitro studies. A 2025 review of therapeutic peptides in orthopaedics noted that while preclinical studies are promising, there is a current lack of clinical trials for Semax.