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COMPOUNDS / PEPTIDE / LL-37
PEPTIDE

LL-37

MEDIUM RISK
BEST FOR:Immune Support●●●●●○○○○○5/10
LL-37 · CATHELICIDIN LL-37 · HCAP-18 FRAGMENT · HUMAN CATHELICIDIN · FALL-39 · HCAP18/LL-37 · CAMP PEPTIDE
Antimicrobial PeptideCathelicidinImmune SupportWound HealingResearch PeptideInnate Immunity

Endogenous human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide with broad-spectrum antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and wound-healing properties.

ROUTE / DOSAGE
LOW250mcg
STANDARD500mcg
HIGH1000mcg
Note: Studied for respiratory and mucosal immune applications
CYCLE
Daily to 2x daily for research cycles of 5-10 days
BIOAVAILABILITY
Low oral (~0% degraded by proteases) ~80% subq ~90% IV moderate intranasal
ACTIVE DURATION
2-4h (subjective)
STORAGE
Lyophilized: -20°C protected from light. Reconstituted: 2-8°C for up to 48h avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles
HALF-LIFE
1-2 hours (plasma)
DURATION BREAKDOWN
Total2-4 hours
Onset15-30 min
Come up15-30 min
Peak1-2 hours
Offset1-2 hours
After effects2-4 hours
Duration varies by route, dose, and individual. Source: community reports.
§ 01 — EFFECTS
6 documented
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity
Immunomodulation and chemotaxis of innate immune cells
Promotes wound healing and angiogenesis
Antibiofilm activity against multiple pathogens
Stimulates mesenchymal stem cell migration
Modulates inflammatory cytokine responses
§ 02 — RISKS
Cytotoxicity to host cells at elevated concentrations, including osteoblasts and keratinocytes
Potential pro-inflammatory effects and contribution to autoimmune pathology when overexpressed
Rapid degradation by serum proteases limits therapeutic utility
Role in NETosis may contribute to tissue damage in chronic disease
Lack of human clinical safety data for exogenous administration
Possible promotion of oral carcinoma progression in certain contexts
§ 03 — INTERACTIONS
Interaction data not yet available for this compound.
§ 04 — SCIENCE

LL-37 is the sole human cathelicidin and a key component of innate immunity, with broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and biofilms. In vitro and animal studies demonstrate potent antibiofilm properties against pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. LL-37 promotes wound healing, bone regeneration, and neovascularization, and has been investigated for roles in cardiovascular disease, periodontal regeneration, and inflammatory bowel disease. However, clinical evidence in humans is extremely limited, and LL-37 exhibits cytotoxicity to host cells (including osteoblasts) at concentrations near physiological levels induced by vitamin D stimulation. Its rapid degradation by serum proteases and potential for pro-inflammatory effects at elevated concentrations remain significant translational challenges.

§ 06 — SOURCES
[1]
The LL-37 domain: A clue to cathelicidin immunomodulatory response?
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ↗
[2]
Regulation of LL-37 in Bone and Periodontium Regeneration
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ↗
[3]
Cathelicidin LL-37 in Health and Diseases of the Oral Cavity
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ↗
[4]
Antibiofilm properties of cathelicidin LL-37: an in-depth review
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ↗
[5]
LL-37, a Multi-Faceted Amphipathic Peptide Involved in NETosis
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ↗
[6]
LL-37: Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide with pleiotropic activity
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ↗
[7]
Cathelicidin peptide LL-37: A multifunctional peptide involved in heart disease
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ↗
[8]
Vitamin D triggers hCAP18/LL-37 production: Implications for LL-37-induced human osteoblast cytotoxicity
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ↗
Disclaimer. Protokol.wiki is an informational reference. Nothing on this site is medical advice. Compounds listed may be unapproved, unregulated, or illegal in your jurisdiction. Consult a licensed physician before use. Data compiled from peer-reviewed literature.
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