GHB
GHB is a CNS depressant with euphoric, sedative, and amnesic effects, used recreationally and implicated in drug-facilitated assault.
GHB is rapidly absorbed orally with effects seen within minutes and a half-life of 20-60 minutes. Metabolism is non-linear at higher doses, complicating dose-response predictions. The lethal dose is estimated at approximately 60 mg/kg, though individual sensitivity varies widely. Chronic use is associated with a severe withdrawal syndrome that can constitute a medical emergency, with benzodiazepines showing limited efficacy and high treatment resistance. Evidence for long-term cognitive effects remains limited but psychomotor and driving impairment are well-documented. Laboratory detection is complicated by GHB's endogenous nature and short detection window.