TIRZEPATIDE

Multiple phase 3 trials (SURMOUNT-1, SURMOUNT-5, SURPASS-1) demonstrate that tirzepatide produces substantial and sustained weight loss of 15-20% over 72 weeks, significantly outperforming semaglutide in head-to-head comparison. In the SURMOUNT-1 3-year analysis, tirzepatide reduced body weight by 12-20% depending on dose and markedly lowered progression to type 2 diabetes (1.3% vs 13.3% with placebo). Phase 2 data also show efficacy for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) with fibrosis resolution rates of 44-62% versus 10% placebo. Gastrointestinal adverse events are the most common side effects, typically mild to moderate and occurring during dose escalation. Long-term safety beyond 3 years and real-world persistence data remain limited.