HARMALA

Harmala alkaloids have been extensively studied for their MAO-A inhibitory properties, which are well-established and form the pharmacological basis of ayahuasca. Preclinical research demonstrates anticancer, antimicrobial, antiseizure, and neuroprotective activities of Peganum harmala extracts and isolated alkaloids, particularly harmine. Human clinical data for standalone harmala alkaloid use is limited; most therapeutic evidence comes from traditional use and animal models. The anticancer properties of harmine via apoptosis and autophagy pathways show promise in vitro but lack clinical validation. Safety concerns center on MAO-A inhibition interactions with tyramine-rich foods and serotonergic medications.