AYAHUASCA
Amazonian plant brew combining DMT with MAO-inhibiting beta-carbolines, producing prolonged psychedelic effects.
A randomized placebo-controlled trial demonstrated rapid antidepressant effects of a single ayahuasca dose in treatment-resistant depression, with significant improvements persisting at 7 days (Cohen's d = 1.49). Retrospective and preclinical studies suggest potential for alcohol use disorder and substance use disorders, with ayahuasca blocking abuse-related effects of alcohol in animal models. Evidence for depression and SUD is the most consistent, while preliminary data exist for PTSD, grief, eating disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. However, controlled studies remain few, with small sample sizes, single-dose designs, and short follow-ups. A systematic review of adverse events found ayahuasca generally safe in controlled settings, but documented psychiatric and physiological harms including five fatalities in the literature.